本期学术动态摘编的5篇文献来自Archival Science、The American Archivist、Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology与Journal of Information Security and Applications等期刊。文献聚焦电子文件长期保存过程中潜在的问题与挑战,如数字保存战略评估标准、可信数据仓储、管理系统迁移等。
1. 评估数字保存成功的隐性态度原则
Tacit attitudinal principles for evaluating digital preservation success
期刊:Archival Science ,Vol.21,2021
DOI:10.1007/s10502-021-09360-5
引文参考格式:Abrams S. Tacit attitudinal principles for evaluating digital preservation success[J]. Archival Science,2021(21):295-315.(GB/T 7714-2015)Abrams,S. (2021). Tacit attitudinal principles for evaluating digital preservation success,21,295-315.(APA)
Abstract: Digital preservation fulfills a critical role in the digital continuity of individual, institutional,and cultural memory. It is important for archival stewards and stakeholders to know whether or not those activities have been successful in order to deploy finite programmatic resources most relevantly,effectively,and productively. While preservation trustworthiness has been subject to extensive examination,the complementary evaluative quality of success has received less critical consideration. This study looks at how the preservation community ascribes meaning to the concept of success through attitudinal norms tacitly embedded in domain discourse. These are recovered through qualitative content analysis of selected preservation policy statements,which act as public affirmations of the archival service “contract” regarding stewardship intention and reciprocal stakeholder expectation. Success is a measure of the alignment between anticipated outcomes and actual preserved state resulting from intentional intervention. Communicological critique of the norms illuminates why the measure of success remains problematic and suggests avenues by which metrical practice can be augmented to enhance its evaluative power. This includes repositioning evaluative prerogatives to incorporate concern for the persistence not only of authentic digital information objects but also legitimate communicative experiences.
关键词:数字保存,成功,政策,内容分析,传播学
Keywords:Digital preservation;Success; Policy;Content analysis;Communicology
2. 可信数字仓储审计和认证的风险
Risk in trustworthy digital repository audit and certification
期刊:Archival Science 网络预先发表
DOI:10.1007/s10502-021-09366-z
引文参考格式:Frank R D. Risk in trustworthy digital repository audit and certifcation[J/OL].Archival Science,2021-06-23.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-021-09366-z.(GB/T 7714-2015)Frank,R. D.(2021,June 23). Risk in trustworthy digital repository audit and certifcation.Rebecca D. Frank,from https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-021-09366-z.
Abstract:Risk is a foundational concept in digital preservation. While it has been examined from technical,economic,and organizational perspectives,I argue that it is also a social phenomenon. In this study I report on the results from 42 interviews with stakeholders in the Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) system,and analysis of documents relating to the ISO 16363 standard in order to examine how standard developers,auditors,and repository staff members understand the concept of risk for digital repositories. The results of this research demonstrate that members of these three stakeholder groups identified risk in the TRAC audit and certification process in terms of specific potential threats or sources of risk,which I have organized into five main categories: finance,legal,organizational governance, repository processes,and technical infrastructure. While standard developers,auditors,and repository staff generally shared an understanding of the major sources of potential risk that face digital repositories,they disagreed about whether and how these risks can be mitigated and how mitigation can be proven. Individuals who were more removed from the day-to-day work of the repositories undergoing an audit were more likely to accept well-documented risk identification and mitigation strategies as sufficient evidence of trustworthiness,while repository staff were skeptical that documentation was sufficient evidence of risk assessment and mitigation and thus questioned whether this would translate to actual trustworthiness for long-term digital preservation.
关键词:数字保存,可信数字仓储,风险的社会建构,可信仓储审计与认证
Keywords:Digital preservation;Trustworthy digital repositories;Social construction of risk;Trustworthy repository audit and certifcation
3.大问题:政府大数据的数字保存
Big Questions: Digital Preservation of Big Data in Government
期刊:The American Archivist,Vol83,2020
DOI:10.17723/0360-9081-83.1.5
引文参考格式:Larson E. Big Questions: Digital Preservation of Big Data in Government[J]. The American Archivist,2020(83):5-20.(GB/T 7714-2015)Larson,E. (2020). Big Questions: Digital Preservation of Big Data in Government,83,5-20.(APA)
Abstract:Big Data is becoming a key part of transactions and decision-making processes,and archivists are increasingly called to intervene in its management. This article examines the digital preservation needs of government Big Data from the perspective of archival theory. While Big Data presents unique challenges,particularly in the areas of record capture,access,and privacy,it is nonetheless becoming a key component of modern government recordkeeping. Managing both the technical and ethical aspects of Big Data is essential,with each requiring specific consideration. Taking a systems-level view of Big Data by attempting to capture instances of bounded variability may be one path forward,and technical tools and systems can successfully manage such large volumes of information. However,ultimately,as with all digital preservation initiatives,proper documentation is key. Creating appropriate metadata to capture the identity, technical characteristics,and management actions for Big Data must include the multiprovenancial origins of such data sets. More broadly,Big Data reminds archivists of their larger responsibilities. Recognizing the power dynamics in Big Data requires an interrogation and documentation of the data themselves,as well as of the ways in which governments and corporations use them. Digital preservation must balance technical knowledge with critical perspectives to truly capture the context of Big Data and the records it produces.
关键词:数字保存,大数据,政府档案,隐私,道德,数字档案,数据仓储
Keywords:Digital preservation;Big Data;Government archives;Privacy;Ethics;Digital archives;Data repositories
4.挪威六个市政文件管理系统的迁移和保存:经验与教训
The migration and preservation of six Norwegian municipality record-keeping systems: Lessons learned
期刊:Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology Volume72,Issue6(2021):699-709
DOI:10.1002/asi.24438
引文参考格式:Soedring T,Borlund P,Helfert M.The migration and preservation of six Norwegian municipality record-keeping systems: Lessons learned[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2021,72(6):699-709.(GB/T 7714-2015)Soedring,T.,Borlund,P.& Helfert,M.(2021). The migration and preservation of six Norwegian municipality record-keeping systems: Lessons learned, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,72(6),699-709.(APA)
Abstract:This article presents a rare insight into the migration of municipality record-keeping databases. The migration of a database for preservation purposes poses several challenges. In particular,our findings show that relevant issues are file-format heterogeneity,collection volume,time and database structure evolution,and deviation from the governing standard. This article presents and discusses how such issues interfere with an organization’s ability to undertake a migration,for preservation purposes,of records from a relational database. The case study at hand concerns six Norwegian municipality record-keeping databases covering a period from 1999 to 2012. The findings are presented with a discussion on how these issues manifest themselves as a problem for long-term preservation. The results discussed here may help an organization and Information Systems (IS) manager to establish a best practice when undertaking a migration project and enable them to avoid some of the pitfalls that were discovered during this project.
5.Nyaya:基于区块链的司法调查电子法律文件管理方案
NyaYa: Blockchain-based electronic law record management scheme for judicial investigations
期刊:Journal of Information Security and Applications,Vol 63,2021
DOI:10.1016/j.jisa.2021.103025
引文参考格式:Verma A,Bhattacharya P,Saraswat D,et al. :NyaYa Blockchain-based electronic law record management scheme for judicial investigations[J].Journal of Information Security and Applications,2021,63.(GB/T 7714-2015)Verma A.,Bhattacharya P.,Saraswat D.& Tanwar S. (2021). NyaYa: Blockchain-based electronic law record management scheme for judicial investigations,Journal of Information Security and Applications,63.(APA)
Abstract:In digitization,judicial investigations have transitioned towards digital storage of forensic shreds of evidence as electronic law records (ELRs). The shift poses varied challenges of ELR preservation,homogeneity of case formats,chronology in recorded statements by suspects,time-stamping and digital signatures on ELRs,and the chain of transfer of cases to different law enforcement agencies (LEAs) over open channels. Thus,privacy and trust among judicial stakeholders-case appellant (CA),case defendant (CD),the police officer (PO),defence lawyer (DL),prosecutor lawyers (PL),LEAs,and court judge is a prime concern. Motivated from the aforementioned discussions,the paper presents a blockchain (BC)-based ELR management scheme,NyaYa,that operates as a four-phased scheme of judicial stakeholder registration in BC,case registration with meta-hash keys in public BC,that reference an external off-chain interplanetary file storage (IPFS),chronology of investigative updates among LEAs,and case hearing and settlement through smart contracts (SCs). In the simulation,NyaYa is compared to traditional ELR storage schemes for parameters like mining cost,query fetching time,block processing time,obtained IPFS throughput,signing latency,the effect of collusion attacks,ELR processing time,and corrupted indexes in IPFS. We also presented formal verification and proposed functionalities of SCs. In simulation,at 6 USD mining cost,NyaYa can append 22456 transactions,compared to 21497 and 3000 transactions respectively in existing schemes. The achieved query fetching time is 0.852 milli-seconds (ms),at 25 blocks,with cache support of 32 kilobyte (KB). The scheme has an average signing latency of 622.95ms,and achieves a high-trust probability of 0.887%,compared to 0.765% in consortium BC,and 0.455% in private BC,at 500,colluding nodes. An improvement of 6.77% is achieved in ELR uploading latency,and the scheme has only 21 corrupted IPFS indexes for 350 fetched ELRs. The obtained results indicate the efficacy of the proposed scheme against conventional schemes.
关键词:区块链,电子法律文件,治理,司法调查,智能合约
Keywords:Blockchain;Electronic law records;Governance;Judicial investigations;Smart contracts